Aeroplane.



J. A. GOODWIN.

A BROPLANE. .gPPLIoMImIV rpm) MAR. 25, 1.910.`

A 981,410,VVA 'Y 9 SHEETS-HEBT z.

Patedted Jan. 10,1911. l

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, APPLIUATION FILED MAR.z5,191o. 981,41 O. Patented Jan..1 0, 1911.

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1 J. A. GOODWIN.

AEROPLANB.

APPLICATION FILED HAR. 25, 1910.

Patented Jah. 10,1911.

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J. A. GOODWIN.

, ABROPLANE.

APPLIoATIoN FILED 111111.25, 1910. 981,410.

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J. A. GOODWIN.

AEROPLANB. y MPLIGATION FILM) MAR.25,1910.

Patented Jan. 10, 1911,

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J. A. GOODWIN.

l ABROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.25, 1910.

Patented J an. 10, 1911.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

Mumia J. A. GOODWIN AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED MAR25, 1910.

11316111911 Jan. 1o, 1911.

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J. A. GOODWIN.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED 111125.11110.

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@ww/nto@ www@ Patented Jan 10, 1911.

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JOSEPH A. GOODWIN, OF BERKLEY, VIRGINIA.

AEROPLANE.

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Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan. 10, 1911.

Appneation ined March 25, 1910. `serial No. 551,422.

To all whom it may concern:w

Be it known that I, JOSEPH A. GOODWIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at A- Berkley, in the .county o`f Norfolk and Sta-te of' Virginia, have invented certain new andiy power ofthe air, and the difference insupporting powerof the air below the different, wines, and also 'assisting in enabling the machine to rise in the air and to gracefully alight;

A furthervobject. is topro'vide an improved! central, ogen framework.' with upwardly in clining lsi e.wings,.also with arearwardly projecting tail, and afore and aft equilibrium lane, above the open. frame work, and i. provi e an rvimproved Swingin :traine orl basket containingv the motor an' -the means'sY for controlling the steering mechanism., Seidl 'swinging frame or basket, by gravity, mailitaining a vertical position, and automati cally controlling the movement of thefequi-' librium planes.

A further object is to provide an improved stabilizer on the rearwardly projecting tail, which is under-the control of the operator atall times,said stabilizer also serving as a 'brake' o check andcontrol the speed of the machine.

A further object is to provide an improved arrangement'of vertically dis `osed fins-prevent-ing themacliine from s 'dding 'when rounding curves, in. making a turn and assi's'tingin maintaining :in-even. keelin the ordinary operation, overcoming the tend-f ency of. gusts of'windfto tilt'tie"machine, and assistingA to bring r itbaok to 'evenkeel' when tilted.A f i .X further object is to'piovi'de a swinging or pivoted basket controlling the equilibrium of the machine, and'provide in said iFigf. 8,' is al View in. side elevation.4 'is a broken front elevation enlarged. vFig. A15is an enlarged fragmentary View in longitudinal section through the center frame.

basket a motor driven gyroscope preventing y and also serving l the basket vfrom swinging, as a fly wheelto balance the engine, and permit the engine yto be cranked by turning the gyroscope, thus'enabling the machine to be started if it should stop while in flight.

A further obj ect is to provide an improved aeroplane with an automatic balance, which will, when one part of the machine is operated upon, by variable currents of air or variable supporting qualities of air, cause a corresponding part of the machine to be moved inan opposite direction to counteract 'the eect, and bring the machine to an even keel, thus' relieving the operator of the necessity for manually operating thfequilibril-im planes, allowing -liim to merely control the steering and the speedot' the flight, and

enjoy this exhilarating sport, and without the constant danger of' the machine upset-' ting or shooting -to the groundas the equilibriiiinvr isv maintained automatically.

With these4 and' other objects in view, the ihveiition. consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations and arrangements of'parts as will be morevfully describedl and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure l,

is aview in front elevation, illustrating my Fig. 2, is atop plan view.

improvements Fig. lLi,

Fig.A 6isan enlarged broken bottom plan view. Fig. 7, is an'enlarged broken top plan view, partly in section. Fig. S, is an enlarged top plany view of rthe rear end of the tail; Fig.. 9, is a view in side elevation of FiGJS. Fig. 10, is an'enlarged detail view. ill'i'istrating the framework at one end* of a side wing, and Fig. ll, is a View in elevation of Fig. l0...

l, and 2, represent the front and rear pairsof luprights, `of my improved central n ramework. The upriglits of 'eachv pair are widest apart attheir lower ends and converged totheir upper ends.` forming structures of general inverted V-shape. Theffor- Ward uprights l, Vterminate at their lowerV endsin "forks '3, iii-which wheels e. are mounted to'run on the ground. These up- 'rights 1, an'dZai-re connectedr by longitudinal rods 5, undftf y y The rods 5, and 6,"converge,togetherat ico equilibrium planes are preferab their rearends, and the upper rods, 6, constitute thel inner ends 'of the side' plane or .win-g frames. Transverse rods T, oi a length equal to the combined wings orplanes elx' 5 tend across, andaresecured to rtheopengf x central-fragile formedby uprights 1, and'2, #and rods 5, and fhree of these rods?,-

are shown with intermediate rods 8, between them tostrengthen thesdewings, to which`r `I,give,ref ere'n'ze character9, and itisY tojbe j 'A e'r-einafterthat when the term .is used, it lis v intended toy mean.v

f understood fsdxwh l"thefra inework of the.- w1ng,`as well 'as the l vcanvas covering thereon, and to includev crossrods or braces :1 0, Iwhich lconnect rods 7,'j'and 8,`at.regular intervlstovbrace and strengthen the wings.-

The wings incline Aclination causes one' plane' to'increasc its bearingl on the-arwhen the' machine t il ts,.

- vand prevent .;any endwise shoot-ing Q to the ea r'th. Toy further assistthe lside wings in maintainingan 1 equilibri-um and restoring them to an'equilibrium whentilte'd-,I probv vide at the outer-end of'each wing a tip 11."-

These tips are ofcanvas,',reinforced with,

'lightf1'amework,fand are f straight from front -bolrear butaie disposed at an angle to 40 the wings, and'project4 downward. These ti s offer practically no resistance to the 'flight of the' machine, vas theyv present a 4sharp edge to theline of movement, but when the machine is.ti1ted, it causes the'tip 11,at the lower'end of the downwardly tilting wing to assume more. of a vertical-posi-,-v tion, directly 4catching' the wind,l and causing the machine to assume a horizontal posi-- tion. As'an additional means for compelf ling the machine to right itself when tilted',

' I provide alongitu'dinal fin 12, 'which is supatxthe center o rthe machine, and is secured by suitable'rods 13.' 'Thisn 12, also serves 1&5 to prevent lateral s kiddlng movement when rounding' curves, in making a. turn, forthe machine naturallyv assumes au incline in makingg'a'-turng' and this .lin 12, bearing against the air, In'events unduetlat'eral movenient and/undue tilting movement, causin 'the machine to quickly resumef a 'horizonta as prodeeds in straight flight. 1 '14, represent equilibrium lanes, vwhich' are located at the outer ends o wings 'downward ronxjtlieir f .front vto their rear edges, and 1ncl1nevup-- 20' ward fromthen' innerjftQjt'heirouter ends of a length equal to about one-half of the width ofl wings 9, and are'pivotally supported'upon the forwardfrods .8, so that the planes 14, pivotjup'andfdown at their front and rear ends. Thes' eequilibrum 'planes 14, are controlled and operatedby my improved pivoted basket v15, as wiil 'now de- A1011' md'maii Staa lc yis Secured to the rods 7 ,andljhangers '17," are mounted to swing on this shaft 1 6, 'are fof`fgeneral inverted V-shape-,fand are secured at their lower ends to aplatforin18, and it is these hangers 17,

use the terms'lswing'ing frame Vor basket. The forward pair of hangers 17, are provided above shaft 1G, l l with bearings'19,v in which a shatv 20 is mounted, and projects forward 'off lthe frame or basket, and 'le'r 21, secured thereon. v

f A 'motor 2 2, is secured on vplatform 18,

has a propelandthe motor 'shaft 23 is 'provided with a Sprocket fwheel .24, connected by av sprocket chain'. 25, with.` a vsprocket wheel 2 6, on the propellers'haftQO. Motor shaft 28, also has and platform 18, to whichl'sreferwhen I- i e l Vbeveledgear27,r1n mesh.' with the t beveled f gear 2.8, on .a.'vertical shaftY 29, mounted vin lsuitable hearings 30, ,and having a large,...

gyroscope,

to' holdt vertical f position, and

roscope, the

is provided topio'tectfthe.opratorgfrom' the'v gyroscope, and preventhim from" accidentally touching the samewhile it'jV is revolving. However, should the motor stop in .midaiig lthe operator may 'turn the gyroscope wheel manually, to crank the motor 24, andstart f the same.

An upright 33, constitutes an u ward cx# tension of the partition 33, an projects above the same, and is secured -to wires 34,

which control the operation of the equilibrium planes 14. A wire 35, is secured to the 'rear end of vone ofthe planes 14, then extends downward through the framework of tip 11,' then along the .wing 9, thence up lthrough 'the wing, and throughI a ring 36, secured to the end of a wire 34,v theucf downward through a puliey?, fixed to tle wing, thence across the-open framework :it the center of the machine, thence downward through. the opposite wing .and tip, and secured to the front end of theot-her equilibrium plaine. A second wire 38, which connects the front end of the first mentioned .p lane 14,' with the rear end of theffother, `is

isposed 1n precisely -the same 'way 'as above describedin connection .with the' 4wire 35,v

' In other' words, the -wires 34, bymeans ot basket-15 is at an angle to the wings, one ot' 1 :form-j approximately 'parallelrelation with This rodtl turns -in rods 4l, and the plane 4() is permitted atiltingvmovement up and llaeh wing ill is provided with an o ening elastic wings.

ture' being.fillustrated, in which flexible Wings together, to'holdf the elast-ic wings in their rings 3U, when the swinging-frame or'.

these wires ety .will compel the equilibrium planes 1st to tilt ,in opposite directions, the plane at one end tilting upwardly, and the lplane atethe other end tilting downwardly so that they will properly catch the air-and compel the kmachine to assume its normal position.'

Above the basket'or swinging frame 15, and pivotally mounted on a' longitudinal rod 39, is what l term a t'ore and aft equilibrium plane 40. Rod 39 lis secured at its. ends in cross bars 11, conneotinv uprights y1, and' down at itsside ed es relative to the main framework. 'The side edges of this plane 40, are connected by Wires 12, with the side edges of platform 18, so that the platform 18, and the plane 40 are maintained in` unieach other a'tv -all'times Hence', regardless. of the incline ofthe wings' t), the plane 40 will always maintain a horizontal position, and hold its bearing on the air, and this will-absolutely prevent-anyy possibility of the machine shooting'endwise to the earth, as plane 40 will sustain ituntil the main-wings right themselves;4 i n Tov relieve the basket or swinging talne from torsional strain, depending pins or lugs '43 are located and ymoved between parallel rods 44,011 the V'fixed frame, so that the basket cal-ihonly swing in one direction, or the reverse, that, is, the frame ofthe flying machine'` and'can only ,swing transversely, relative to the. basketv forl the basket maintainsa unifornrvertical position. I' therev tore wishA it understood that when I refer to the swinging frameor basket, l intend this term vtonieana basket having pivotal relationwith the trame ot' the machii'ie, so that the parts may pivot relative to each other, and the ,frame or basket 15, is not intended to swing. but is intended to maintain n stat'ionanv Lverticat position, ,while the trame ol thez machine tilts, and the ditference in relative position between the frame l5. and the tramov ot ,the tlying'inachine cause the equilibrium planes 14, and f1() tomove and Lcompel the machine hilight itself.

in which a spring section 45 locate( said spring` feet ion constituting apart of the side wing. yet'llexil-ile and elastic with relation to-tfhe sidewings. andl term these sectionsr f 'lhcy "may, ot' course, be formed `invarious ways, a preferred struc- .spring slats .46are`secured 'to the body ot t 1e wingsV t), and 'to'tlieelastic wm s45, andy serve` to'connectwmgs .)Yand t e elastic .will be drawn downward.

'nected bv a. filling of canvas.

- 64,15 avertica normal` position, but permitthem' to more as they are operated upon by the pressure ot air, and return them to normal posi-tion. These elastic wings are connected bywires 47, with rings 48 at the ends of wires it), said wires 19 being fixed to upright 53% The wires t7 are passed through pulleys 50, at the lower end ot' posts 51, depending lrom Wings 9, so that when a pull is had upon the wires, the 'lree ends ot' the elastic wings lso it willbe noted that when the upright` 25215, swings in -one direction to pull down the elastic wing 45 on one side of the machine, the other wires 117 will become slack, so that the lwing to which they are connected is free to ride up, thus the elastic wings 'will 'operate revei'sely to each other, so as to cause the machine to right itsel't. These elastic wings have a wide range of utility. One ot' the essentialv advantages they possess is that they enable the wings to have an equal support onthe air, regardless of the supporting ,quality of the air. For example, it is well known'that when a shadow falls across one wing, the colder air in the shadow has a less supporting quality than the warmer air, and this will cansethe machine to tilt.'r This is rectified by the elastic wings, which give -in accordance with the pressure below, and

the machine maintains its equilibrium. This is not the onlyv function of the elastic wings, as they are also very useful in starting and alighting. and while I have shown them of a particularsize, my invention is in no-wise limitedto the proportions of these wings, as they may be made/in any size to suit.

52, represents the tail yof the machine which comprises longitudinal rods 53, secured to the main central Atrame., and conu At the rear end of the tail, a cross rod 54E is located, and the tail is strengthenedby arched rods 55, which are secured to both' ot' the uprights l. and 2, and constitute a truss, adding post 57 is connected by rod 58,:with' the main frame ot the, machine, and transverse stays 55) are located at suitable intervals tol give sufficient rstrength tothe tail. 'lo-rod 54, a horizontal rudder (l0 is pivotally connected and this rudder is moved by wires (31 and 62, which pass through pulleys G3 on posts' 5.6, and 57. y e

' l rudder pivoted on rudder (l0, and operated bywires 65. 'lhese` wires 61, G2,`andf65,extend along the tail, and

pass through rings 66.' fTlie wires ttl and 62, are secured upon a rotary drum (57, turned by crank tjloeatedk adjacent the perators seat, f v l 69,is a foot-,lever tulcrumed between its ends andto" which the two wires 65, are conA 35 ofthe 'machinefso nected-so thatthe operator can with his i feet swingthe rudder'64,?7while with one hand move-rudder' 60. Atathe rearend of thetail, above and belowthe'tail, I provide what I term stabilizers- 70. These stabilizers are in 4theform of planes or wings, which are connected by lspring hinges 71, to'the tail and at their-rear free ends are connected-to wires' 10 72, whichfare passed through-pulleys 73, on

posts 5G and 57, and then pass 'alongthe tail, and through one of the rings 66, and are` secured to a lever 74, adjacent'the operainrs seat. When the operator swings this .lever 74C. forwardly, the stabilizers .70, will be moved away --from the tail, thusserving to, in effect, spread orthicken'the tail, so as.-

v 'to retard the speed, and restore an equilibrium'. These are ,especially desirable if the ,20 machine should tilt fore and aft', as they will catch the air, check the momentum, and right-, the machine. l

The'tail 52,'is provided with a vertical" fin 7 5, which extends longitudinally ofthe tail, and above-and below. the tall, being preferably deeper below thetail than higher Y above, and this fin 7 5,serves to aid i1'1ma'in--.

'i1-1 ized to strengthen the structure, andjhfo the side wings' in place,- and a .runner4v taining the equilibrium of the machine,"` Suitable stay rods and braces'76, ar

which is ad ted'tofstriker the grou -in alighting, an 'bringl down th vforward:end that thewheels e; will 'run on-t'he ground.

' 5 While I have liov i 4set forth ia preferred 'Y construction, and: enumerated some of the advantages and functions -of the numerous 40 novel featuresof'constructicm do not wish it understood thatv I limit myself tothe particular structure, and a great many slight changes mightI be made in the general form and arrangement of parts described without. departing from my invention, and hence I do .not limit/myself to the precise detailsset forth, but consider myself at liberty to make such changes and 'alterations as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of vthe appended Claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim-as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:.

l. In an aeroplane, theA combination with 5 5 a, central frame, of side wings secured to the central frame, tips'on the freev ends of the side wings at an angle to the wings,

equilibrium planes'at the free ends of the' wings, and anequilibrium plane in the'upper port-ion of the central frame, higher than the side wings, substantially, as described.

.2. In an aeroplane-,the combination with a central, frame, of side wings secured to the central'frame, tips on the free ends ofthe side wings, at an angle tothe wings','equilib pwings, .andi slip 1o-1 cated 'at the rear .and lower endofitli esiffio "irium planes at the free ends of the wings,

an equilibrium tplane inthe upper portion of .said central. 'frame, means compelling allofsaid equilibrium?. planes 'toy move simul-` taneously, substantially as desc'cribed.A

y `3. In an aeroplane,` the combination with al central frame, side wings securedfto ther gframe, and a rearwardly .projecting 'tail sef cured to the' frame?, of equilibrium planes at the ends of the'side wings, an tl'uilbrium plane in the top of. the central frame, a

frame, \wires connecting the' equilibrium, planeswith the basket,.and vertical and horivzontalrndders-on the rear end of the tail,

substantially as described.

the rom, a propeller shaft Supported by' the .basket'adiacent the first mentioned shaft,

vil propeller onsaid propeller shaft, va ymbtor swingirng' basket'A or frame in the central on the basket'driving'f said"prope ller shaft,-

equilibrium planesya't the" 11ds of the side wings, an equilibrium'. plane abovethe side ted by f" the central frame,

and wires conn ng said-equilibrium planes tp-fthe'basket, substantially as described.

.Ifn'an aeroplane, the combination with -a*central open rame, side wings secured to the frame, and l"a-.rearwardly projecting tail secured to theft-ame, ofa longitudinal shaft supported` in fthe iframe, a basket pivotally supported oniv 'saidl shaft, and depending ltherefromfav propellerV shaft supported by the basket adjacent the rst mentioned shaft,

a propeller on saidpropeller shaft, a motor on the basket driving said propeller shaft, elasticsections in said side wings, and .wires connecting said sections to the basket, substantially as described.

G. In an aeroplane, the combination with secured to the frame, of a` longitudinal shaft supported in thel frame, a basket pivotally supported on 'said shaft, and depending therefrom, a. propeller shaft supported b the basket adjacent thejtirstmentioned shaffz a propeller on said propeller shaft, a motdr on the basket driving said propeller shaft,

equilibrium planes at the endsgfofthe side wings, an equilibrium 'plane'inzth central frame above the side wings, elasticv sections in said side wings, and wires connecting said equilibrium planes and elastic wing Sections to said basket, substantially as described.

7. In an aeroplane-wine combination IIwith .a central frame, of side Wings secured to"l the frame, a tail Ysecuredto'the frame, piygt ally supported equilibrium planes at theands of 'the sideY Wings, a normally horizontal 110 a 'central open frame, side wings secured to ,the frame, and a rearwardly proJectlng tail the central frame, controlling the operation'.

of the equilibrium planes, substantially as describe 8. In an aeroplane, the combination with a central open frame, side Wings secured to the frame, and a rearwardly projecting tail secured to the frame, of a longitudinal shaft supported in the frame, a basket pivotally supported on said shaft, and depending therefroni, an equilibrium plane supported above the-frame, Wires connecting said equilibrium plane with the basket, a propeller shaft supported by t-he basket adjacent the first mention'ed shaft, a propeller on saidpropeller shaft, a motor on the basket driving said propeller shaft, steering mechanism, and means in the basket for operating` said steering mechanism, substantially as described. 9. ln an aeroplane, the combination with a i central open frame, side Wings secured to the fi'aine, and a rearwardly projecting tail secured to the frame, of a .longitudinal shaft supported in the frame, a basket pivotally supported on said shaft, and depending therefrom, an equilibrium plane supported above the frame, Wires vconnecting said equilibrium plane with tlie basket, a propeller shaft supported by the basket adjacent the first mentioned shaft, a propeller on said propeller'sliaft, a motor on the basket driving said propeller shaft, andagyroscope. in

saidv basket driven by the motor, substantially as described. l

' 10. Iii-an aeroplane, the combination With a central open frame, side Wings secured to the frame, and a rearwardly projecting tail secured to the frame, of a longitudinalshaft supported in lthe frame, a basket pivotally supported on said shaft, and depending therefrom, an equilibriumplane supported.

above the frame, .Wires connect-ing said equilibrium plane with the basket, a pro-pellei shaft supported by the basket adjacent the first mentioned shaft, a propeller on saidv propeller shaft, anfotor on the basket l driving said propeller shaft, horizontally disposed balance Wheel in said basket driven by the motor, an operators seat in the bas- 'ket back of the balance wheel, an opendork partition between the balance Wheel and operators seat, steering mechanism, and devices iii the basket adjacent the operators seat for controlling the steering mechanism,l

substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOSEPH A. GOODVIN.

Witnesses: j CLEON HANNA,

CLARK S. NORMAN. 

